Acetylation

 Acetylation  of  histones occurs on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as a part of gene regulation. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a transiently relaxed structure which allows genes to be transcribed Typically, acetylation  reactions are catalyzed by enzymes with "Histone Acetyl Transferase" (HAT)  activity. The source of the acetyl group in histone acetylation is Acetyl-Coenzyme A.

 

Variant

Site of modification

HATs

Role

HDACs

H1.0

 T1

-

-

-

H1.1

S1

-

-

-

H1.2

 S1

-

-

-

H1.3

S1

-

-

-

H1.4

 S1

-

-

-

H1.5

 S1

-

-

-

H2A

 

K5

PCAF,Tip60,HAT1  

Transcription Activation

HDAC1,HDAC3

K9

EP300

Transcription Activation

-

H2AZ,H2AV

 K4

-

-

-

 K7

-

-

-

 K11

-

-

-

 K13

-

-

-

H2B

K108

-

-

-

H2B,H2B1C/E/F/G/I,

H2B1D,H2B1H,H2B1J,

H2B1L,H2B1N,H2B1O,

H2B2E,H2B2F,H2B3B

K23

-

-

-

H2B, H2B1B,

H2B1C/E/F/G/I,H2B1D,

H2B1H,H2B1J,H2B1L,

H2B1M,H2B1N,H2B1O,

H2B2E,H2B2F,H2B3B

 

K5

-

-

-

K11

EP300, CBP

Transcription Activation

-

K15

EP300, CBP

Transcription Activation

-

H2B, H2B1B,

H2B1C/E/F/G/I,H2B1D,

H2B1H,H2B1J,H2B1L,

H2B1N,H2B1O,H2B2E,

H2B2F,H2B3B,Testis

specific histone H2B

K16

-

-

-

H2B1B,H2B1C/E/F/G/I

H2B1D,H2B1H,H2B1J,

H2B1L,H2B1M,H2B1N,

H2B1O,H2B2E,

H2B2F,H2B3B

K20

-

-

-

H2B1C/E/F/G/I,H2B1D

H2B1H,H2B1J,H2B1L,

H2B1N,H2B1O,H2B2E,

H2B2F,H2B3B

K12

-

-

-

Testis specific histone H2B

K6

 

 

 

K13

 

 

 

K21

 

 

 

K110

 

 

 

H3.1,H3.2,H3.3

K4

-

-

-

K9

PCAF, P300/ CBP,

GCN5

Transcription activation and initiation

SIRT1

K14

PCAF, P300/ CBP,

GCN5, Elp3, Tip60

Transcription activation

Transcription initiation

SIRT1

K18

PCAF, P300/ CBP,

GCN5

DNA repair, Transcription activation

-

K23

GCN5,PCAF,CBP,

ScSAS3, P300

Transcription activation and Transcription elongation

-

K27

GCN5,P300,CBP

Transcription activation and Transcription elongation

-

K36

-

-

-

K56

-

-

-

K79

-

-

-

H4

K5

P300 ,Tip60

Transcription activation,

 elongation.

HDAC3

K8

GCN5/PCAF

Elp3

Transcription activation

 elongation

-

K12

Tip60

Transcription activation

HDAC3

K16

GCN5. Tip60, MYST1

 

Transcription activation

DNA repair

SIRT1

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